Susan Hezlet London Mathematical Society The Open Archives Initiative and Payment Models -- A Learned Society Publisher's Perspective The OAI-PMH and the Budapest Open Access Initiative promote the idea of freely accessible journals at the point of use. The open access journals have moved away from the traditional subscription model, where the library or reader pays for access, to a new payment model where the authors or research funding bodies are prepared to cover the costs. Some publishers are thinking of launching or moving existing journals to adopt the Open Access Initiative. What would make them move? They want to be sure that the model is sustainable in terms of the financial return. The intention of this talk is not to argue moral causes but to briefly outline how the scholarly journals economy works - i.e. how the money flows between governments, research funding bodies, mathematicians (as authors and readers), commercial publishers and learned societies. Then to see if there is a way that the flow of money can be diverted in new directions without destroying the things we want from a scholarly journal: peer review and dissemination of one's work. (No attempt will be made to address technical computing aspects of the problem.)